Google Analytics: Goals

Where ?
All Reports>Content Organization>Goals & Funnel Process

What ?
- Goal Tracking
- Goal Conversion
- Defined Funnel Navigation
- Defined Funnel Abandonment
- Reverse Goal Path
- Goal Verification

Why ?
The Goal function enables you to set a certain page as a goal, a target, and to analyze the ways of getting there, you can learn who visits a goal page, but also create a funnel, a set of pages that lead to a target and therefor observe the percentage of users that go to the end of the series of pages.
In the business sector this can be particularly useful, because it allows you to monitor a check-out process and see if and when people give up on buying your products, and if there seems to be an obvious problem change the page that creates that problem.